Cali, Expanded City-Region: A Metropolitan Territory

INDEX

FOREWORD

Juber Galeano, Fernando Urrea-Giraldo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Juber Galeano Loaiza, Fernando Urrea-Giraldo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

The Region of Study: Municipalities of Northern Cauca and Southern Valle del Cauca . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Characterization of the municipalities of Cali, Expanded City Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Cities System-DNP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Rural Mission-DNP and Configuration of Rural-Urban Territories . . . . . . . . . . . .28

Socio-geographic Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

Ethnic-Racial Diversity of the Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

Spatial Dynamics and Urban-Rural Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

Brief Historical Overview of the Constitution of the Region up to the Present Day. . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

One Region from Southern Valle to Northern Cauca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Evolution of GDP and the Manufacturing Sector in the Region Studied. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

The Effect of Free-Trade Zones on Socio-Spatial Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

A Synthesis of What the Expanded City-Region Means . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55

Methodological Approach and Databases Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56

Organization of the Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58

CHAPTER 2

TERRITORIAL OCCUPATION PATTERNS AND ORDERING MODELS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE REGION

Juber Galeano Loaiza,Cesar Augusto Londoño. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Dynamics and Forces That Guide the Urban Sprawl: Territorial Expansion and Transformation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Explanation of the dynamics of the urban territorial sprawl of the region of study: the first period from the foundation and implementation of the populated centers to 1964 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73

Explanation of the dynamics of the sprawl in the second period 1964-1993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Explanation of the dynamics of the stain in the third period 1993-2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75

Evolution of the Spatial Pattern of the Sprawl of the Productive Network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Evolution of the Sprawl of the Residential Network in the Periphery of the Cities That Constitute the Region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82

Territorial Planning and the Construction of a Region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Public Policy Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . 101

Articulating housing plans to the regional urban reality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Mobility planning on a regional scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102

Implementation of associative schemes between municipalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

CHAPTER 3

SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERIZATION OF CALI, EXPANDED CITY REGION: MUNICIPALITIES OF NORTHERN CAUCA-SOUTHERN VALLE DEL CAUCA

Fernando Urrea-Giraldo, Rosa Emilia Bermúdez Rico,Andrés Felipe Candelo Álvarez. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Population Dynamics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Sociodemographic Indicators: Inter-Census Period 1993-2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Internal Migration according to the 2005 Census. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113

Some Conceptual Aspects Regarding Migration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Lifetime or Permanent Migration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114

INDEX

Recent Migration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Causes of Recent Migration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Living Conditions and Population Mobility: The Relationship between Unsatisfied Basic Needs (UBN) by Ethnic-Racial Group and Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124

Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

CHAPTER 4

PRODUCTION COMPONENT: ECONOMIC STRUCTURE

Elizabeth Aponte Jaramillo, Paula A. Garizado Roman, Javier Andrés Castro Heredia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Some Features of the Department’s GDP. . . . . . . . 133

From the Department of Valle del Cauca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

From the Department of Cauca. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Economic Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Stage 1: Definition of the methodology for the

estimation of sectoral municipal GDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143

Stage 2: Disaggregation of Economic Sectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144

Stage 3: Selection of leading variables (proxy) and their sources of information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145

Stage 4: Sectoral Municipal GDP Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146

Stage 5: Agglomeration Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146

Sectoral Municipal GDP Estimation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

Sectoral Municipal GDP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

Agriculture and Livestock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152

Manufacturing Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153

Social Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

Economic Agglomeration Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154

Business Analysis Cali City-Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Spatial Analysis of Cali, Expanded City-Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162

Manufacturing Industry with Agriculture and Livestock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162

Interconnection and Mobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164

Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

CHAPTER 5

COMMUTING AND IMBALANCES IN THE LABOR MARKET IN CALI, EXPANDED CITY REGION

Alexander Banguera Obregón, Jhon James Mora, Carlos Augusto Viáfara López . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171

Interactions in the Labor Market in Cali, Expanded City Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

Labor Commuting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

Labor-related Migrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Labor Market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Youth Who Are Neither in Employment nor in

Education (NEET) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

NEET Population Composition 199

NEET Population according to Ethnic-Racial Condition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

Cali and Its Work Environment: The Effects of Labor Informality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

Labor Informality in the Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

Spatial Analysis of Labor Informality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Conclusions and Policy Recommendations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

Policy Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

CHAPTER 6

ANALYSIS OF THE POLITICAL-ELECTORAL HETEROGENEITY OF THE URBAN AGGLOMERATION OF SANTIAGO DE CALI

Juan Pablo Milanese. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

Basic Conceptual Remarks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

Fragmentation as an Analytical Variable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222

Fragmentation into uninominal districts (mayors, governors, and presidents) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224

Fragmentation into Multi-member Districts (Councils, Assemblies, House, and Senate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

Nationalization Meant as Regionalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Analysis of Regionalization Levels.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236

Final Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238

CHAPTER 7

CONCLUSIONS AND PUBLIC POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS

Juber Galeano Loaiza, Fernando Urrea-Giraldo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241

Main components of regional intervention. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

Regional Political Dimension. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247

Short-term Policy Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

REFERENCES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

ANNEXES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

ABOUT THE AUTHORS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287